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Diagnosing PCOS or PCOD doesn't involve a specific test. Typically, a gynecologist starts with a comprehensive review of the patient's medical history and a physical examination. Factors such as the duration of weight gain, menstrual patterns, and related indicators are evaluated. Depending on the case, the gynecologist may recommend various tests, including:
Physical Exams: To observe signs of excessive hair growth, insulin levels, and acne.
Pelvic Exam (for sexually active individuals): Examination of reproductive organs for any abnormalities.
Blood Tests: Hormone levels, glucose tolerance, fasting cholesterol, and triglyceride levels.
Ultrasound: Abdominal or vaginal scans to evaluate ovarian appearance and uterine lining thickness.
Screening: Checking for depression, anxiety, or obstructive sleep apnea.
Treatment:
The management of PCOS aims to address issues such as menstrual irregularities, infertility, hirsutism, acne, and obesity. Treatment approaches include:
Lifestyle Changes: Adopting regular exercise routines and maintaining a balanced diet with controlled calorie intake. Even a modest weight loss of up to 5% can lead to improvements in PCOS symptoms.
Medications: Birth control pills may be prescribed to regulate hormones, reduce androgen production, and lower the risk of endometrial cancer. Progestin therapy can help regulate menstrual cycles. Fertility drugs like Clomiphene, Letrozole, Metformin, and Gonadotropins may be used to induce ovulation. Spironolactone, Eflornithine, and electrolysis might be recommended for excessive hair growth and acne.
Low Carbohydrate Diets: Managing obesity and insulin levels through controlled carbohydrate consumption.
Infertility Treatment: Fertility drugs are employed when PCOS is a contributing factor to infertility. In severe cases, In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) may be considered.
It's important to note that treatment plans are individualized, and the gynecologist tailors the approach based on the specific needs and severity of the condition.
